In my recent Internet wanderings, I came across the work of a fascinating foundation which devotes much of their giving to support nonprofit mergers and partnerships. It's called The Lodestar Foundation, and their president, Lois Savage, kindly agreed to be interviewed for this blog posting.
Mission Plus Strategy: How did the Lodestar Foundation decide to support nonprofit collaborations as a major component of their philanthropic strategy? 
Lois Savage: Since Lodestar's inception 10 years ago, our mission has been to support and leverage the growth of philanthropy in two ways: 1) through capacity-building of organizations directly promoting philanthropy, volunteerism and public service (community foundations, venture philanthropy groups, volunteer centers, etc.); and 2) by maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of grant funds. Because Lodestar's Chairman, Jerry Hirsch, and I have had personal experience with nonprofit inefficiencies and ineffectiveness stemming from overlapping missions and duplication of efforts, we adopted the strategy of supporting long-term collaobrations as a way to maximize the impact of our grants in furtherance of our second objective.
Mission Plus Strategy: Do you feel that this strategy has proven out over time? How many grants have you made and what is the range of your grants?
Lois Savage: We have numerous examples of the synergisitic value of collaboration (nonprofits being able to achieve more impact through collaboration), the efficiencies achieved through collaboration, and the leverage we have achieved by funding collaborations. As for some general conclusions, we have learned that the most durable collaborations are initiated from the ground-up, not the top down, and that while investment in this strategy is risk capital - not all collaborations will survive - there are good lessons to be learned from each project. We have funded approximately 3o collaborations and mergers. About 15% have either dissolved when funding stopped or not progressed to a full-fledged collaboration. The range of our grants has been from $5,000 (for a consultant to determine whether a nonprofit should merge or go out of business) to $3,000,000 (for a consolidation of homeless-serving agencies in a one-stop-shop campus). Most of the grants are in the $10,000 -$40,000 range.
Mission Plus Strategy: I am very excited about your newest initiative, "The Collaboration Prize," a $250,000 cash prize for the best nonprofit collaboration in the U.S. Can you tell us more about it?
Lois Savage: In the spring of 2008 we launched "The Collaboration Prize" as a means to uncover successful collaboration models and blueprints that can be utilized to inform and educate the sector. We received a total of 644 nominations and uncovered a rich treasure trove of information that we are in the process of analyzing and categorizing, with the goal of making it easily available to the public. At this point in time, the distinguished "Final Selection Panel," is in the process of selecting the 8 finalists. The winner of the prize will be announced on March 5, 2009, during a collaboration conference in Phoenix, sponsored by the Association of Small Foundations. At that time, the 120 quarter-finalists will be named as well.
Mission Plus Strategy: The response to "The Collaboration Prize" is great, but it still seems that despite the benefits of collaboration strategies, they receive little notice in the nonprofit sector. Why is that?
Lois Savage: First, I think the response to the prize shows there is more of this going on than we realize. Second, collaboration is not easy - it takes time, utilizes already scare resources, needs leadership, and requires resolving numerous challenges. Third, while the business world has voluminous scholarship on mergers and other restructuring models, there is no counterpart body of knowledge in the nonprofit sector so models, blueprints and guidance are extremely limited. Fourth, there is no secure network or marketplace (no "dating service") where nonprofits can meet prospective partners or otherwise discuss collaboration issues with eah other. Finally, almost no funding is available to assist nonprofits in facilitating the collaboration process.
Mission Plus Strategy: To your last point, Donors sometimes worry that if they create a specific fund for collaborations, then nonprofits will be driven by the funding opportunity to try collaborations. Has that been your experience?
Lois Savage: There is a big difference between program grants that require collaboration as a condition and capacity-building grants that facilitate collaboration. The former grants are funder-mandated and can drive the collaboration process; however, our grants are capacity-building grants, not program grants. We fund only collaborations that already are forming at the grassroots - our funding helps them complete the collaboration. The funder-driven collaborations generally are tied to a specific program area ("we will fund your project only if you do it in a partnership with another nonprofit").
Because the collaboration process is difficult and because our funding is tied only to facilitating the collaboration, I never have encountered, nor would I anticipate encountering, parties collaborating just because the funding for the process of collaboration is there. As noted above, what drives nonprofits is funding for their programs and serivces - program grants that are conditioned on a collaboration can be coercive. Our grants, which facilitate the process of collaboration, would not be a driver.
Mission Plus Strategy: What advice would you give to a foundation that would like to fund collaborations?
Lois Savage: I think there are several ways a philanthropic community can create an environment that encourages nonprofit collaboration: 1) provide funds for convening, on an ongoing basis, nonprofits working in the same area; 2) provide technical assistance grants to nonprofits exploring a collaboration option; 3) sponsor workshops that can provide nonprofits with tools to facilitate collaboration; and 4) support programs that bring funders, government and nonprofits together to focus on cooperatively addressing difficult community issues.
Mission Plus Strategy: When will your database on collaborations be ready for the public?
Lois Savage: Currently, we are in the process of identifying a team to oragnize and categorize the Prize data and design a website that will make the information easily accessible. We are hoping to have the site operational by March, 2009.
Mission Plus Strategy: Thank you, Lois, for sharing your thoughts on the subject of nonprofit collaborations. Readers who would like to find out more about The Lodestar Foundation or The Collaboration Prize can go here.